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KAMZANG JOURNEYS

Treks, Cycling, Yoga, Heritage Trips & Journeys in the Himalaya!

Bhutan Punakha Dzong

KAMZANG JOURNEYS

Treks, Cycling, Yoga, Heritage Trips & Journeys in the Himalaya!

Bhutan-Trekkers

KAMZANG JOURNEYS

Treks, Cycling, Yoga, Heritage Trips & Journeys in the Himalaya!

Bhutan Snowman Trek

KAMZANG JOURNEYS

Treks, Cycling, Yoga, Heritage Trips & Journeys in the Himalaya!

Bhutan-Horse-Caravan

KAMZANG JOURNEYS

Treks, Cycling, Yoga, Heritage Trips & Journeys in the Himalaya!

Bhutan-Punakha-Dzong-Monks

KAMZANG JOURNEYS

Treks, Cycling, Yoga, Heritage Trips & Journeys in the Himalaya!

Bhutan Snowman Trek Group Pass

KAMZANG JOURNEYS

Treks, Cycling, Yoga, Heritage Trips & Journeys in the Himalaya!

Bhutan Laya Woman Child

KAMZANG JOURNEYS

Treks, Cycling, Yoga, Heritage Trips & Journeys in the Himalaya!

Bhutan-Punakha-House-Yellow-Phallus

KAMZANG JOURNEYS

Treks, Cycling, Yoga, Heritage Trips & Journeys in the Himalaya!

Bhutan Trongsa Dzong Monks

KAMZANG JOURNEYS

Treks, Cycling, Yoga, Heritage Trips & Journeys in the Himalaya!

Bhutan Himalaya Journey | Laya, Lingshi & Gasa Camping Trek PLUS Bhutan Cultural Tour
Bhutan Himalayan Trek

The Laya Lingshi Gasa trek is one of the most scenic and cultural treks in Bhutan, offering amazing views of some of the most pristine and unspoiled Himalayan landscapes in Bhutan. This fourteen day, 217 kilometer journey begins at Drukgyel Dzong in Paro, and takes you through gorgeous alpine meadows, high mountain passes and dense sub-tropical jungles before terminating in Damji in Tashithang.

The first five days of this trek follow the same route as the Jhomolhari trek through Jigme Singye National Park, and offers awe-inspiring views of Jhomolhari, Jichu Drake and Tsherimgang peaks. After a week, the trekking route diverges from Lingshi valley for Chebisa, a charming village adorned with a beautiful waterfall of crystal clear water. Later, you’ll reach wonderful Gasa and the Gasa hot springs! Along the trail you’ll be able to spot indigenous animals such as the blue sheep and Takin, the national animal of Bhutan. You’ll travel through remote mountain villages inhabited by Layaps (people of Laya), a distinct segment of the Bhutanese society with unique culture, traditions and appearance.

This is one of the more difficult treks offered in Bhutan due to the high altitudes and steep ascents and descents along the path. The best seasons to complete this challenge are April – June and mid-September – mid-November.

Trip

Bhutan Himalaya Journey | Laya, Lingshi & Gasa Camping Trek & Bhutan Cultural Tour – Bhutan Himalayan Trekking
Day 1 – Arrive Paro | Transfer Hotel
Day 2 – Paro | Hike Taktsang Monastery (Tiger’s Nest)
Day 3 – Drive Sharna Zampa. Trek Shing Karap
Day 4 – Trek Soi Thangthangkha
Day 5 – Trek Jangothang (Jhomolhari Base Camp)
Day 6 – Jangothang (Jhomolhari Base Camp) | Acclimatization Hike
Day 7 – Trek Lingshi | Cross Nyele La 4890m
Day 8 – Trek Chebisa
Day 9 – Trek Shomuthang | Cross Gombu La 4400m
Day 10 – Trek Robluthang | Cross Jhare La 4780m
Day 11 – Trek Limithang | Cross Shinge La 5000m
Day 12 – Trek Laya
Day 13 – Laya | Laya Village Hike
Day 14 – Trek Koina
Day 15 – Trek Gasa
Day 16 – Trek Roadhead & Drive Punakha | Punakha Dzong Tour
Day 17 – Drive Thimphu | Thimphu Sightseeing
Day 18 – Drive Paro | Paro Sightseeing
Day 19 – Trip Ends | Transfer Airport

TREK NOTE | Slight variations may occur while on trek, subject to weather and trail conditions.

Bhutan Trip Notes
+ Book Luxury & Boutique Hotels or Amankora Resorts (+$)
+ The Bhutan journey starts and finishes in Paro, Bhutan. Flights to and from Bhutan are available from Delhi, Kathmandu, Bangkok, Calcutta and a few other destinations. You can book your own Bhutan flights, or our agent can book the flights for you
+ Option to see one of Bhutan’s colorful Tsechus (monastic lama dances) in many towns
+ Option to book extra days in Phobjika, Punakha, Haa, Thimpu or Paro

Kim Bannister Photo Gallery | Trip & Trek Photos
Kim Bannister Photography

Bhutan Journeys Photos
Bhutan Photos

Kamzang Journeys Products
Duffel bags, t-shirts, camp towels, buffs, handcrafted leather passport wallets, totes + bags, Himalayan textile pillow covers + more available in Kathmandu!
Kamzang Journeys Products

Kamzang Design Etsy Shop (On-Line)
Many of these handcrafted products designed by Kim and local craftspeople are available in Kathmandu, including much of the tribal silver collection …
Kamzang Design Etsy Shop

Client Highlights & Reviews
Travelers’ Comments

Travel Advice
+ Purchase travel insurance with helicopter evacuation!
+ Purchase trip cancellation + travel insurance

Itinerary

Bhutan Himalaya Journey | Laya, Lingshi & Gasa Camping Trek & Bhutan Cultural Tour – Bhutan Himalayan Trek
Day 1 – Arrive Paro 2390m | Transfer Hotel & Paro Sightseeing
Fly to Paro from the departure city of your choice (see Druk Air schedule). Our Bhutan travel agent can book your flights for you. The flight into Paro from Kathmandu (and elsewhere) must be one of the most spectacular on the planet. The panorama includes Everest, Kanchenjunga, Shishapangma, Gauri Shankar, Cho Oyu, Nuptse, Lhotse, Chamlang, Jannu, Chomoyummo, Pauhunri, Shudu Tsenpa, Jhomolhari and Jichu Drake. You’ll have an exciting descent into the Paro valley as the captain maneuvers the jet down through the narrow, steep-sided valleys, seeming to barely miss the forested walls on either side. The landings by experienced pilots are always smooth, and clear, blue skies with temperatures in the mid-60s are worth the anxiety of the landing.

You’ll be pickup from Paro Airport by your Bhutan guide and transferred to your hotel in Paro, the lovely Tenzinling Resort (or similar standard hotel) just outside of Paro town. The rooms here are beautiful, large with high roofs and large windows overlooking the houses of the Paro suburbs and the massive Paro Dzong in the distance. If your international flights arrives by mid-morning, you’ll be treated to your first traditional Bhutanese lunch and have the afternoon to explore.

Bhutanese dishes are delicious if you like meat and chilis. Their national dish is ema dates, whole red or green chilis cooked with butter and cheese and served over rice. As a tourist you’re fed far too many dishes, and you will hardly make a dent in the ema datsi, chicken, potatoes and cheese, cauliflower and cheese, Chinese vegetables and Bhutanese vegetables!

After lunch (if you arrive in the morning) you’ll head into Paro for some sightseeing, with time to visit some of the shops that sell everything from beetle nut to exquisite, hand-woven textiles. Time permitting you can explore the traditional Bhutanese architecture and visit Rinpung Dzong, or Paro Dzong, translated as ‘Fortress on a Heap of Jewels’. Paro Dzong was built in 1644 by Zhabdrung Ngawang Namgyal on the foundation of one of Guru Rimpoche’s monasteries and was used to defend the Paro valley from invasions by Tibet. Although the dzong survived the 1897 earthquake, it was severely damaged by a fire in 1907. Like most dzongs in Bhutan, it is now the assembly hall as well as housing the monastic body, district government offices, and courts. We might also have time to visit the National Museum.

In the evening, you may have the chance to watch the locals playing archery Bhutan’s national game and a bit of an obsession in the country! Back at the Tenzinling Resort dinner is almost always at the hotel, showers are hot, and beers are always stocked! Welcome to Bhutan! Overnight: Paro Hotel

Day 2 – Paro | Hike Taktsang Monastery (Tiger’s Nest) 3100m
Today is an acclimatization day as well as a chance to hike up through beautiful pine forests to Bhutan’s most iconic landmark, Taktsang Gompa, clinging to a huge granite cliff above Paro valley. It is believed that Padmasambhava (Guru Rimpoche) came to Bhutan in the 7th century on a flying tigress and meditated in a cave for three months. The demons were subdued who were trying to stop the spread of Buddhism and converted the Paro valley into Buddhism. During the end of the 17th century a monastery was built on the spot where the saint meditated and it is a pilgrimage site for every Bhutanese to visit at least once in their life time.

The hike to Taktsang Monastery, including time at the monastery and lunch, takes a good five hours. We’re at altitude, so hike slowly, watch the sometimes precipitous trail and stay well hydrated. Once back at the van we can either drive back into Paro or spend the afternoon back at our lovely Tenzinling Resort, finishing our packing for the trek. Overnight: Tenzinling Resort

Day 3 – Drive Drukgyel Dzong (2580m) & Sharna Zampa 2850m. Trek Shing Karap 3090m
We have a 20-minute drive along the Paro valley to Drukgyel Dzong (2580m), where the road ends and our epic Bhutan Lunana Snowman trek begins! Drukyel Dzong was built in 1647 to protect the Paro valley from invading Tibetans; unfortunately it was destroyed by fire in 1951.

We start the trek along a rough dirt road, climbing gradually, or we may be able to drive the first section to Mitchi Zampa by 4WD jeep. The trail follows the Paro Chhu, passing beautiful meadows, cow paddocks and traditional stone and wood Bhutanese farm houses with fields of rice, wheat, barley, mustard, potato and radishes. After about four hours of easy trekking we reach the army post at Gunitsawa where our trek permits will be checked. Our campsite is on the opposite side of the river, not far from Gunitsawa. (4-5 hrs, 17 km, 360m ascent, 80m descent)

Day 4 – Trek Soi Thangthangkha 3610m
We trek further north along the border of Tibet, heading uphill through the river valley until we enter the Jigme Dorji National Park, a park of 4350 square meters and the largest protected area in the country, extending past Laya into Lunana to the east. The forests in the park are predominantly oak, maple, birch, larch pine and alder, with rhododendron taking over as the parkland reaches higher altitudes.

The valley finally narrows gradually to a mere path which descends to a meadow camp. From here, if weather permits, we will have the first wonderful views of Jhomolhari, or Chomolhari (7314m), one of Bhutan’s most well known and beautiful peaks. (7-8 hrs, 22 km, 770m ascent, 10m descent)

Day 5 – Trek Jangothang (Jhomolhari Base Camp) 4080m
Another chance for views of majestic Jhomolhari this morning! We continue to trek up the Paro Chhu valley which widens into alpine meadow and scanty growths of forest; Jichu Drake (6794m) dominates the right side of the skyline. Crossing an army outpost, we enjoy increasingly spectacular views of high mountain ridges and snow-capped peaks, and yaks, yak-hair tents and seasonal settlements become a regular feature of the landscape. Passing the villages of Soe, Takethang and Dangochang, we soon reach the nomadic pasturelands of Jangothang, one of the most beautiful campsites of the Himalayas. We’ve reached the high plateaus above treeline, more Tibetan in character, and are trekking through scrub juniper and dwarf rhododendron, both used for incense. We again have a spectacular view of Mount Jhomolhari from camp. (5-6 hrs, 19 km, 480m ascent)

Day 6 – Jangothang (Jhomolhari Base Camp)
An acclimatization day in beautiful Jangothang, with plenty of possibilities for day hikes with great views over lakes and snow-capped Jhomolhari and Jichu Drake, as well as some blue sheep spotting in the rocky outcrops. There hasn’t been much mountaineering activity on these two peaks although Doug Scott reached the summit of Jichu Drake in 1988.

A side trip up the small valley heading towards Jhomolhari leads to a great viewpoint down onto the Jhomolhari glacier. Another hike heads up to Sopu Lake, near the Nyele La.

Day 7 – Trek Lingshi 4010m | Cross Nyele La 4890m
Just past our campsite the trail climbs rapidly for half an hour and then becomes a gradual ascent over rolling hillsides with low brush to the Nyele La pass (4870m). We may see herds of blue sheep grazing on the slopes of the mountains. From the pass we’ll be treated to spectacular views of Jhomolhari, Jichu Drake and Tsherimgang, all of them rising above 7000 meters.

We have a steep descent through rhododendron to some yak-wool herding tents, where the herders take shelter while on the move to their pastures with their yaks. As we descend into the Lingshi basin we have a wonderful view of Lingshi Dzong, built to guard this valley from raids from Tibet. Tserimgang and its glaciers rising up at the north end of the valley. Lingshi is home to 500-year old Lingshi Dzong, with over a dozen resident monks, a lovely, interesting village to explore. Our campsite is next to a stone hut just before Lingshi Dzong. (6-7 hrs, 18 km, 840m ascent, 870m descent)

Day 8 – Trek Chebisa 3880m
Today is our shortest walking day, so we’ll relax and enjoy the trekking. Shortly after starting we reach a chorten below Lingshi Dzong. Here, we have the choice of staying on the main trail or taking a diversion up to the Lingshi Dzong (4220m), which sits right at the top of a ridge. Besides a very special atmosphere of mystic silence, Lingshi Dzong provides a great view over the valley. After Lingshi Dzong you will be passing the villages of Lingshi and Goyul. In Goyul, the stone houses are clustered together to a small compact village that is unusual in Bhutan where village houses are normally scattered. On reaching the campsite at Chebisa, with a beautiful waterfall behind the village, we’ll have plenty of time to visit the village. (5-6 hrs, 10 km, 280m ascent, 410m descent)

Day 9 – Trek Shomuthang 4220m | Cross Gombu La 4400m
A lovely trek through wide pasturelands towards Gobu La (pass). On the way, we’ll pass yak herders and their yak-hair tents once again There is also a good chance of spotting large herds of blue sheep above the trail. After crossing the Gobu La (4410m) we descend to the valley, climbing again for a bit and then descending to Shakshepasa (3980m) where a helipad has been established. Climbing from here we finally reach the campsite at Shomuthang, just above a stream, a tributary of the Nochu River. (6-7 hrs, 17 km, 890m ascent, 540m descent)

Day 10 – Trek Robluthang 4160m | Cross Jhare La 4780m
We’ll start a bit early today as we have a long trek ahead of us as we beging climbing up the valley with views of Kang Bum (6526 m), with edelweiss brightening the fields. After two hours of climbing we reach Jhari La (4750m) from where we catch our first sight of the Sinche La, tomorrow’s pass. The big snow peak in the north is Gangchhenta (6840 m), better known as the Great Tiger Mountain. If the weather is clear, Tserim Kang and the top of Jumolhari will be visible. We pass a camp by the river called Tsheri Jathang, where herds of takin, the Bhutanese national nnimal, migrate to this valley in summer and remain for about four months; thus the valley has been declared a takin sanctuary. We climb up a little bit from this camp to reach our campsite at Robluthang, in a rocky meadow. (6-7 hrs, 18km, 700m ascent, 760m descent)

Day 11 – Trek Limithang 4040m | Cross Shinge La 5000m
After crossing Sinche La (5,005m), we descend to a little stone house where a few Laya women – dressed in typical Laya costume with long pointed bamboo hats on their head – live and offer their weaving products. Right behind the stone house you will see an impressive terminal moraine and a glacial lake at the foot of the valley. You can see classic examples of the lateral moraines where the glacier has pushed rocks up both sides of the valley. Below the moraine, you cross the Kango Chhu and soon reach the Limithang campsite. The peak of Gangchhenta towers over the campsite even though it’s quite a distance away. (6-7 hrs, 19km, 850m ascent, 870m descent)

Day 12 – Trek Laya 3840m
Today, you walk all the way downhill along a narrow winding river valley. After a long time, you again trek partly through deep forest. The trail leads you to the west side of Laya village. From the west of the village you will view Gangchhenta again and catch a glimpse of Masagang. In the village centre is a community school and a basic health unit with telephone connection. The campsite is below the school. (4-5 hrs, 10 km, 60m ascent, 340m descent)

Day 13 – Laya | Laya Village Hike
Finally, a much needed rest day to recuperating from long trekking days and to prepare for the rest of this challenging but spectacular trek. It’s also worth the extra day in Laya to admire the incredible views, and visit with its unique inhabitants. There is great shopping in Laya for textiles, hats, beads and other local handicrafts, and you can’t miss a hot stone hot tub!

Day 14 – Trek Koina  3050m
The trail winds up and down along the river valley of Mo Chhu avoiding natural obstacles and affording breath-taking views of the raging river, feeder streams and waterfalls. Lots of ups and downs will lead you to Kohi Lapcha at 3.300 m. The trek then drops down to the large stream of Koina Chhu, where you will find the campsite of Koina. (19 km) (6 – 7 hrs) (260m ascent, 1070m descent)

Day 15 – Trek Gasa 2770m | Cross Bari La 3740m
Today you will have the last major climb of the Laya Gasa Trek. You will cross Bari La, after which the trail descends all the way until you reach Gasa village, where you will find the first restaurants since you started from Drukgyel Dzong. There also is a campsite close to Gasa Dzong. Your guide will decide whether you want to stay in Gasa village or descend for another hour to the Gasa Tsachu (hot springs) and relax in the rejuvenating mineral waters. (14 km) (6 – 7 hrs) (740m ascent, 1500m descent)

Day 16 – Trek & Drive Punakha 1250m | Punakha Dzong Sightseeing
A short hike to the road head where the vehicles will pick you up and drive you the two hours to Punakha. Once in Punakha, you’ll check into the lovely Damchen Resort, quite a ways above the Mo Chu (Punakha sits at the intersection of the Mo Chu and the Phu Chu, the mother and father rivers) and head out to Punakha Dzong, enjoying the rest of the balmy, tropical day. Punakha Dzong is perhaps the most impressive of Bhutan’s dzongs, the second one built and the seat of the government until the 1950s. The afternoon light is perfect, illuminating the guilded rooftops.

Day 17 – Drive Thimphu 2340m | Thimphu Sightseeing
We’ll spend the morning doing some sightseeing in Punakha, with the option to do a half day rafting trip on the Mo Chu. We’ll do the drive to Thimpu in the late afternoon and stay at a lovely hotel Thimpu, heading out for dinner in the evening. More ema datsi please! Overnight: Namgay Heritage Hotel

Day 18 – Drive Paro 2390m | Paro Sightseeing
We have time for sightseeing in Thimphu in the morning. Tashichho Dzong, the main secretariat building build in a traditionally Bhutanese style is notable for being built without nails or metal. Also worth a look are the large stupa built as a memorial to the late King HM Jigme Dorji Wangchuk, the founder of modern Bhutan. With a bit of extra time the Handicraft Emporium is worth a visit.

Again we have the option of a late afternoon drive to Paro where we’ll be back to our lovely Tenzinling Resort for our last night in Bhutan. Xplore Bhutan has arranged a farewell dinner and cultural program, and cold beers will be flowing in celebration of our epic trek across the Bhutan Himalaya! Overnight: Tenzinling Resort

Day 19 – Trip Ends | Transfer Paro Airport
Transfer to Paro Airport for your international flight home. Thanks for exploring Bhutan with us! 🙏

Highlights & Reviews

Trip Advisor Reviews

Trip Highlights

Remote Mountain Villages of Laya & Lingshi Valleys
Gasa Hotsprings
Wonderful Himalayan Hiking in Bhutan
Spectacular Himalayan Vistas
Jhomolhari Base Camp
Nomads, Yaks & Yak Hair Tents
Sightseeing in Thimpu, Punakha & Paro
Taktsang (Tiger’s Nest) Hike Paro
Extra Days to Acclimatize
Amazing Bhutanese Cuisine (Ema Datsi – Chili & Cheese)

Trekker Highlights & Reviews
Trekkers’ Comments

Client Highlights
Once again I carefully chose Kamzang for my exotic, indulgent trip to Bhutan. All praise to Kim and Lhakpa for making sure this was the best possible trip for our money, a trek in a very expensive/ exclusive part of the Himalayas. It was tough, it was amazing and it was the best thing I have ever done. Kim and Lhakpa spun their special magic to make this trek amazing. The Bhutanese guide Tse Tse made sure we had a good run down of what to expect each day.

Our tough trek, mud, rain, snow was everything we expected, however our time in camp, our food and our morale was always boosted by Kim and Lhakpa on even the toughest of days – and this is what we all signed up for – you cannot do the Snowman Trek and think it will be easy.

I am so glad I did this trek with Kamzang Journeys. I would do the toughest trek with Kamzang anywhere in the world. You will always get safety, dedication and genuine concern from these guys, they will ultimately help you reach your potential, and you will become friends for life. They will help you go forward with your trekking goals. Thanks guys. I will book again can’t wait.
– Shannon F (Australia), Bhutan Lunana Snowman Trek 2016

Kim Bannister Photo Gallery | Trip + Trek Photos
Kim Bannister Photography

Travel Reading | Enhance Your Trip!
Travel Books

Online Articles on Bhutan
Soaking in a Unique Bath Culture – BBC Travel

Why Don’t People See the Yeti Anymore? – BBC

Bhutan, a Higher State of Being – New York Times

Bhutan Untamed: Snow Leopards on the Snowman Trek – Telegraph

Bhutan’s Dark Secret to Happiness – BBC Travel

Bhutan’s Enlightened Experiment – National Geographic

Bhutan Rising – WWF

Bhutan: Travel Blueprint – Wanderlust UK

Date & Price

Dates
Private Excursions
19 Days

Trip & Trek Price
$5480

+ Price for 1 & 2 Travelers (Induire for Group Discounts)
+ Single Supplement Options
+ International Flights to & from Bhutan NOT Included

Bhutan Flights
Kathmandu-Paro-Kathmandu
Bangkok-Paro-Bangkok
Delhi-Paro-Delhi

Inquire for up-to-date flight prices. Our Bhutan agent can book any flights required.

Inquire for Luxury Bhutan Hotels
Le Meridien
Uma Hotels
Aman Bhutan
Lechuna Heritage Lodge
Zhiwa Ling
Dewachen

Includes

Trek & Travel Support in Bhutan
Bhutan Governement SDF Fee ($100 Per Day)
Bhutan Visa & Monuments Fee ($98)
International Bhutan Flight Booking Services
Hotel Accommodation & Meals Boutique Hotels)
Sightseeing | Entrance Fees in Paro, Thimpu & Punakha
Transportation by Private Vehicle
Airport Transfers
Qualified Bhutanese Guide
Laya Lingshi Trek | All trekking logistics, permits, yak &/or horse porterage, fully-supported trek, delicious food, freshly brewed coffee, chai, herbal teas & other hot drinks.

Excludes

Travel Insurance | Travel Health Insurance
International Flights
Equipment Rental
Alcohol | Bottled Drinks
Laundry
Tipping

Tips & Extra Cash
We recommend $250-$300 per trekker as tips for the staff, and approximately $300 for spending money on the trip.

Contact & Details

Kamzang Journeys Contact
Kim Bannister
kim@kamzang.com
kamzangkim@gmail.com
Mobile: +(977) 9803414745 (WhatsApp), 9863196743

Kathmandu Contact
Khumbu Adventures
hiking.guide@gmail.com
Lhakpa Dorji Sherpa Mobile: +(977) 9841235461, 9705235461
Doma Sherpa Mobile: +(977) 9841510833, 9705510833
Nuru Wangdi Sherpa Mobile: +977 9803633783 (WhatsApp),

Bhutan Contacts
INNER ROUTES
Owner | Loja Sureg
sloja2013@gmail.com
+975 17 420 433
Office | Jigme & Pema
jigmelojaktbt@gmail.com, Pema tobgayloja@gmail.com

Garmin InReach | Unlimited On-Trek Text Messages + Route Map
We have a Garmin MapShare page and a Garmin InReach satellite messaging device for sending and receiving messages on the treks guided by Kim + Lhakpa. Give the link to people who want to follow or communicate with us and have them send a message. The ‘message’ button is on the top left of the email link that they receive; the sender needs to input an EMAIL address (instead of mobile number) to get a response. You can email them back directly during the trek (the device is linked to my mobile) as much as you’d like. Messages are free, enjoy!

Follow Us on Facebook
Kamzang Journeys Facebook
I will post InReach updates to our Kamzang Journeys Facebook page if friends & family want to follow our progress.

Bhutan Visas
Our Bhutan agent will issue your Bhutan visa and email it to you at least 10 days before your arrival in Paro.

Indian Visa
You will have to have an e-Tourist Visa for the end of our trip, entering Assam. Be sure to have your Indian Visa before arrival in India. Most countries qualify for the new visa-on-arrival system, which is valid for 30 days, and is double entry. NOTE that you need to apply and pay for the visa BEFORE arriving in India. You get the actual visa with your paid application once in India.
Indian Visa

Indian Visa Reference
You can print out + fill out your Visa on Arrival form before arriving in India, but you need to apply for the visa before leaving for India.
Travel Agent Delhi: Dhruv Travels, 2464, Nalwa St, Chuna Mandi, Paharganj, New Delhi, 110055, India, +91 11 2358 2715
Hotel Delhi: Jyoti Mahal Guest House, 2488-90 Nalwa Street, Chuna Mandi, Pahar Ganj, New Delhi,110055, +91 1123580523/24/25/26

Indian Visa Note
You will need a 30-day e-Tourist Visa for India, as well as for Bhutan (our Bhutan agent gets these) for this bicycle trip. Book your onward ticket out of Guwahati from early afternoon onwards on Day 18. Do book extra luggage when leaving Guwahati as extra luggage in India is $$$.

Flights To + From Bhutan
Our Bhutan agent can issue your flight to Paro from various destinations and can book your return flights, whether from Paro or from Guwahati in Assam, India. You can also book your own flights to Bhutan and from Bhutan or India. At the moment Druk Air is the only carrier flying into and out of Bhutan.

Travel Medical Insurance
Required for your own safety. We carry a copy of your insurance with all contact, personal and policy information with us on the trek and our office in Kathmandu keeps a copy. Note that we almost always trek over 4000 meters (13,000′) and that we don’t do any technical climbing with ropes, ice axes or crampons.

Global Rescue Rescue Services
We recommend (but don’t require) that our trekkers sign up for Global Rescue services as a supplement to your travel medical insurance. You can book this directly through our Kamzang Journeys site.
Global Rescue

Medical On-Trek
We have a full medical kit with us including Diamox (for acclimatizing), antibiotics, inhalers, bandages, re-hydration, painkillers, anti-inflammatory drugs and other essentials. Kim has First Aid, CPR and Wilderness First Responder (WFR) certifications as well as many years of experience with altitude in the Himalaya but is NOT a qualified medic or doctor, so please do have a full check-up before leaving home, and inform us of any medical issues. This is for YOUR OWN safety.

DO bring all prescription medications and rehydration powders-electrolytes. We advise bringing your own Diamox, Ciprofloxin, Azithromycin + Augmentin. We do have all of these with us, but the Western versions are generallly more reliable than the Indian equivalents. See Gear List for a full list of recommended medications for the trek.

Bhutan Health Information
CDC
We also recommend bringing probiotics with you to help prevent infections while on trek. Doctor’s recommendation!

Travel Reading | Enhance Your Trip!
Travel Books

General Bhutan Information
See Bhutan Tab

Arrival Paro

Bhutan Contacts
INNER ROUTES
Owner | Loja Sureg sloja2013@gmail.com
+975 17 420 433
Office | Jigme jigmelojaktbt@gmail.com, Pema tobgayloja@gmail.com

Early Arrival in Bhutan
You will be met at the Paro airport by a representative from our Bhutan travel agency. Look for a sign with your name on it, they will be looking for you. You’ll be driven to the hotel in Paro where you will meet Kim, Lhakpa and those from the group who have already arrived. Everything is included in Bhutan, so if you arrive early you’ll have a driver, car and guide at your disposal.

Arrival Hotel
Provide upon Booking

Bhutan Visas
Our Bhutan agent will issue your Bhutan visa and email it to you at least 10 days before your arrival in Paro.

Currency, Credit Cards + ATMS
Bhutanese Ngultrum = Indian Rupee. Although the national currency is the ngultum, IC is accepted throughout Bhutan.

+ In 1974, the ngultrum was introduced, replacing the rupee at par. The ngultrum is equal in value to the Indian rupee. India was key in assisting the Bhutanese government as it developed its economy in the early 1960s. When the ngultrum was introduced, it retained the peg to the Indian rupee which the Bhutanese rupee had maintained. The ngultrum does not exchange independently with other nations’ currencies but is interchangeable with the Indian rupee.

You’ll want local currency with you on the trip and trek for drinks, snacks, beer, soda and general shopping. There are many chances to shop during the trip, especially in eastern Bhutan, and usually local crafts to buy en route. There are ATMs in Paro, Thimpu and other cities, and you’ll want some cash to change as well.

Most larger craft shops in Thimpu, Paro and Punakha will accept credit cards, although there is generally a merchant fee surcharge. Credit cards aren’t as widely accepted in the central or east of Bhutan.

Tipping in Bhutan
Tips are best in local currency, the Bhutanese ngultrum. Guides and drivers will expect tips when you last see them, so for sightseeing sections before the trip, the drivers will expect small tips, and the same for the drivers after the trip.

Bhutan Temperatures + Dress Etiquette
See GEAR LIST tab for suggested gear. This is a winter bicycle trip, and although it can be cold or wet on the passes (rain or snow), generally the temperature isn’t very cold, and evenings are spent in warm lodges, often with stoves! The winter months (November – March) are chilly in the mornings, cold enough that you might start the day in a down jacket, but warm up to jeans and t-shirt weather by late morning.

For other private cycling trips: Much of Bhutan in the Spring and Autumn is warm during the day (t-shirt, sandals, light pants or skirt weather), cools down in the afternoon. Nights are often below freezing although they can also be much warmer. Summer is hotter and wetter. Nights require a down jacket if you’re sitting outside. It never hurts to have an umbrella in Bhutan as it can rain at any time of the year!

Dress conservatively in the cities and on the trail as a rule. Shorts are OK if they aren’t too short, NO shorts or tank tops in the monasteries. Use your good judgment! See Bhutan Tab for the Bhutanese dress code.

Shopping in Bhutan
Bhutan is known for its crafts and textiles, and there are many local craft markets around Bhutan where you can pick up wonderful things to bring home. Your guide will help if you’re interested in shopping while in Bhutan!

Gear

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Duffel Bags, T-Shirts, Camp Towels, Buffs, Leather Passport Wallets, Totes & Bags, Himalayan Textile Pillow Covers & More!
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Gear List
Guideline for the gear you will need on the trek. Please ask if you have questions. 20 kg per person!

Duffel Bag
Day Pack (30-45 L)
Sleeping Bag (-10 to 20F/-23C to 30C)
Air Mattress
Down Jacket
Trekking Boots
Running Shoes or Lighter Shoes (optional)
Crocs (evenings + washing)
Hiking Sandals (or Crocs – river crossings)
Trekking Pants (2-3)
T-Shirts (2-3)
Long-sleeve Trekking Shirts (2-3)
Trekking Jacket
Wind + Waterproof Jacket + Pants
Fleece or Thermal Top + Bottom (evenings)
Lightweight Long Underwear (sleeping + layering)
Socks (4-6)
Gloves (lighter + heavier for passes)
Wool Hat
Baseball Cap or Wide-brimmed Hat
Camp Towel
Trekking Poles (optional, recommended)
Down Booties (optional, recommended)
Sunglasses (+ extra pair)
Water Bottles | Nalgenes (2-3)
Bladder (optional, recommended)
Toiletries, Sunscreen with SPF, Lip Balm with SPF
Watch (or alarm)
Extra Batteries
Battery Chargers
Head Lamp
Yak Trax or Micro Spikes (for treks with icy passes)
Small Water Filter or Steripen (optional, to carry in daypack)
Camp Washing Bowl (optional, collapsible for clothes)
Laundry Detergent or Bio-degradable Clothes Soap
Hand Sanitizer
Small Solar Panel (optional, recommended for iPods, iPhones, camera batteries, Kindles)
Book(s)
Zip-Lock Plastic Bags (extra protection for electronics, toiletries)
Soft Toilet Paper | Tissues (we supply toilet paper but you will want something softer for blowing your nose)
Baby-Wipes | Wet-Wipes (for personal cleaning)
Handi-Wipes, J-Cloth or Chux (optional – quick clean, fast drying)
Rehydration | Electrolytes
Snacks!
Personal Medical Supplies

Medical + Suggested MEDS
We have a full medical kit with us including Diamox (for acclimatizing), antibiotics, inhalers, bandages, re-hydration, painkillers, anti-inflammatory drugs etc. but please bring a supply of all prescription and personal medications. Kim has First Aid, CPR and Wilderness First Responder (WFR) certifications as well as many years of experience with altitude in the Himalaya but is NOT a qualified medic or doctor, so please have a check-up before leaving home, and inform us of any medical issues. This is for YOUR OWN safety!
Suggested prescriptions + meds: Dexamethasone, Nifedipine + Diamox (altitude), Azithromycin, Ciprofloxacin + Augmentin (antibiotics), Compeed or blister bandages, Tegaderm, bandages, tape, antibiotic ointment + Betadine (Povidone-Iodine ointment) (wounds + cuts), knee + ankle supports/braces (if required), ACE bandage for sprains + strains. Bring whatever pain meds you generally use (Ibuprofen, Paracetamol/Tylenol, Diclofenac), meds for diarrhea (Loperimide/Immodium) and nausea (Ondansetron), antihistamines (non-drowsy, and Benadryl is ok for a drowsy one that might help with sleep), as well as any medications that you take regularly or that your doctor prescribes. We recommend picking up a combination salmeterol and fluticasone inhaler in Kathmandu, good for (from a doctor trekking friend “high altitude cough due to reactive airways, which is kind of like temporary asthma. The ingredients in the inhaler relax the bronchial passages and calm inflammation in the airways.”
Stay away from sleeping medications, drugs in the codeine-opiate-narcotic family and other drugs that suppress your breathing (not a good at altitude). And don’t forget electrolytes! – have some with you in your pack (as well as snacks) every day please …
We’re happy to take excess medical supplies off your hands when you leave if you won’t need them and pass them on to others. We use lots of the large amount we have with us to treat locals as well as our own trekkers…

Comments on Gear
Layers are essential for trekking. Quality is more important than quantity. It’s worth investing in the great, newer lightweight trekking gear available in all gear shops, online or in Kathmandu.

Kim’s Gear Suggestions: I generally wear a trekking t-shirt, light trekking pants, a mid-weight shirt, a lightweight synthetic jacket (instead of a fleece), a lightweight jacket and pants for wind and rain. If the weather looks stormy or it’s a pass day I carry a lightweight down jacket and a storm-weight jacket. I always have a pair of lightweight gloves (heavier ones additionally for pass days), a hat, a baseball cap and an extra pair of socks in my day-pack. I generally trek in low Merrill hiking shoes, and Keen boots on very cold days and over passes. I always carry Crocs with me in case of river crossings, or to air my feet at lunch. I carry a 38 L (although it looks larger) Black Diamond day pack although I also love Osprey packs. On pass days I carry Yak Trax and trekking poles, and I always have an extra pair of sunglasses, electrolytes, my camera, a medical kit, a Steripen, snacks and lots of water in my pack. My favorite gear brands available in Kathmandu are Sherpa Gear, Mountain Hardwear and Marmot. I wear lots of Patagonia gear although it’s not available in Kathmandu.

Good trekking boots are essential. High boots are best, but you don’t need climbing or plastic boots (for mini-crampons or micro-spikes). You can also get away with low, sturdy trekking boot, which I wear quite often except for over the passes. Trekking poles are not required but strongly recommended, especially for going down passes which are often steep and icy and for treks with river crossings. Bring gators if you tend to use them but they’re not required if you don’t own a pair. Micro-spikes (mini-crampons) or YakTraxs are almost always useful (or essential) for the pass crossings. We will have at least one ice ax with us. It’s also good (possibly essential) to have a pair of plastic Crocs for washing and to wear in the lodges in the evenings. Tevas take a long time to dry and are relatively heavy.

Good, polarized sunglasses are essential. Do bring an extra pair. Don’t forget a sun hat and/or a baseball cap, an extra headlamp and have plenty of sunscreen and lip balm with SPF!

The weather is changeable in the Himalaya, so again I recommend that everyone has a strong, WATERPROOF duffel bag for the trip (although they do tend to weigh more). We supply covers that go over the duffel bags to protect them from rain, dirt & rips.

Nights are cold, so a down jacket and a WARM sleeping bag are essentials. For your sleeping bag, we recommend a DOWN bag of 0 to -20 F (-18 to -28 C). Mine is -20 F. At lower altitudes I open it and sleep under it like a quilt and up higher am toasty warm during the cold nights. Campsites near passes can get COLD. Rentals available. The dining tent is a Tibetan style ‘yurt’, with blankets and camp chairs on the ground. It warms up in the evenings with the gas lamp but it is still important to have warm clothes for the evenings. I always use down booties which are great when it’s cold, but a pair of thick wool socks also work.

Bring extra large plastic bags or stuff-sacks in case of rain. You can pack electronics in them or stash your sleeping bag and clothes. The weather is changeable in the Himalaya, so again I recommend that everyone has a strong, waterproof duffel bag for the trip. We supply covers that go over the duffel bags to protect them from rain, dirt & thorns.

Tents
Everyone gets their own Western tent without a single supplement. Tents supplied by Xplore Bhutan.

Day Pack
We recommend a 35-45 liter day pack (ask at your gear shop if you’re not sure of the capacity). Better to have it too large than too small as on pass days you’ll need to carry more warm gear. Most have internal water bladders built in, which are good for ensuring that you stay hydrated. Make sure it fits and is comfortable before purchasing!

In your day pack, you will be carrying your camera, 2+ liters of water, a jacket, wind & rain pants, hat, gloves, extra socks, sunscreen, snacks, electrolytes, water purifying tablets, filter, or Steripen camera, hand sanitizer, a pack-cover and often a down jacket. I slip my Crocs on the back in case of unexpected stream crossings or for lunch.

Water
We bring KATADYN expedition-sized water filters along on the trek for fresh drinking water, ecologically the best way to get water in the Himalaya’s fragile trekking regions. Bring your own filter pump, Steripen/UV purifier or iodine/chlorine tablets for fresh water while trekking. NOTE: To be extra safe with your drinking water, you can drop one purifying tablet into your water bottle after filling with our filtered water. Make sure you wait the required amount of time before drinking, and don’t add anything with Vitamin C as this negates the iodine.

Please bring at least TWO (and better three) Nalgene, Sigg or other unbreakable plastic/metal water bottles. Camelbacks and other bladder systems are good for trekking but can leak, so as a back-up it’s best to also bring a Nalgene or other water bottle.

NOTE: We do not provide boiled water for drinking on either our tea-house/lodge or our camping treks although there is endless hot water for herbal, black or green teas, hot chocolate, hot lemon as well as Indian chai and Kashmiri tea.

Snacks
You will NEED snacks hiking at altitude, even if you’re not a snacker. People crave unusual foods at altitude! Energy bars, ‘GU’ gels, chocolate bars, dried fruit & nuts, beef jerky (or whatever) are important to have along for long days, before lunch and passes. Lemonade mix, Emergen-C or similar drink mixes are great to have for hot days in your water bottles, and it is ESSENTIAL to bring electrolytes with you every day.

Packing & Storage
It’s easiest to pack and unpack from a duffel bag, especially when the temperature drops, and easiest for porters to carry. Inexpensive and decent quality duffels are available in Kathmandu (if you’re passing through) but it’s best to invest in a strong, waterproof duffel such as a North Face. You can store extra gear with Xplore Bhutan before the trek.

Travel Photography Gear Guide
The Complete Guide to Gear for the Landscape Photographer

Bhutan

Bhutan
Shrouded for centuries in the misty serenity of the great Himalayas, the Land of the Thunder Dragon, or Bhutan, as now known to the rest of the world, developed its own distinct civilization. This deeply spiritual land is home to a unique identity, derived essentially from a fertile religious and cultural heritage. Bhutan brims with myth and legend. As a befitting testimony, a great Buddhist heritage of over 2000 monasteries and 10,000 monuments dot its peaceful open space and regal mountains. An ambience of near sacred tranquility permeates the land, fostering an environment of spiritual affluence that has shaped the foundation of that rarity that we know as Bhutanese life. All Bhutanese are required to wear their national dress, called gho for men, kira for women.

The Bhutanese have deliberately and zealously safeguarded and preserved their rich culture and traditions, its ancient way of life, in all its aspects. And it is perhaps one of the world’s last strongholds of unspoiled wilderness. It is a part of the earth that represents a fabled realm. Bhutan is a land where the past and the contemporary co-exist in harmony, a recipe that makes a journey undeniably amazing. A trip through Bhutan, in many ways, is still a journey into the past. In this small tract of land, one of the most rugged terrains in the world frames one of the world’s richest vegetation. It is a land of about 700,000 people who believe that Gross National Happiness is more important than Gross National Product. Bhutan is a country with a different face. And a different story to tell.

Apart from trekking along the northern frontier, you will be also visiting the main western towns of Thimphu, Paro and Punakha. Western Bhutan is comparatively more developed than the rest of the country. Thimphu, the capital, has all the important government offices, including the King’s Secretariat. Paro has the only airport and Punakha is the ancient capital of Bhutan.

The yeti, locally known as ‘migoi’, is still talked about in the high, Himalayan regions of Bhutan. From a BBC article “It’s widely believed in Bhutan that the yeti walks backwards to fool trackers … Another common belief is that the yeti cannot bend its body, a feature it is thought to share with evil spirits. According to author Kunzang Choden, this explains why most traditional Bhutanese homes have small doorways. In her book, Bhutanese Tales of the Yeti, she describes how the raised threshold and lowered lintel force anyone who enters to lift their leg and bend their head.”

Ethnic Groups of Bhutan
There are numerous ethnic groups in Bhutan, and no one group constitutes a majority of the Bhutanese population. The Bhutanese are of four main ethnic groups, which themselves are not necessarily exclusive: the politically and culturally dominant Ngalop of western and northern Bhutan; the Sharchop of eastern Bhutan; the Lhotshampa concentrated in southern Bhutan; and Bhutanese tribal and aboriginal peoples living in villages scattered throughout Bhutan.

Ngalop
The Ngalop, meaning ‘earliest risen’ or ‘first converted’ according to folklore, are people of Tibetan origin who migrated to Bhutan as early as the 9^th century. The Ngalop introduced Tibetan culture and Buddhism to Bhutan and their language, Dzongkha, is the national language, coming from old Tibetan. The Ngalop are dominant in western and northern Bhutan, including Thimphu.

Sharchop
The Sharchop, meaning ‘easterner’, are people of mixed Tibetan, South Asian and Southeast Asian descent residing primarily in eastern Bhutan, the largest ethnic group in Bhutan. Most Sharchop speak Tshangla, a Tibeto-Burman language, and are closely related to the aboriginal Monpa (Menba) although most have been largely assimilated into the Tibetan-Ngalop culture.

Lhotshampa
The Lhotshampa are generally classified as Hindus although this group includes Buddhist Tamang and Gurung, as well as Kiranti (Rai and Limbu) who are traditionally largely animist. The Lhotshampa are generally Nepalese, and their main festivals include Dashain and Tihar. In the past, the Bhutanese government attempted to limit immigration and restrict residence and employment of Nepalese to the southern region, and throughout the 80s and 90s, over 100,000 Lhotshampa fled Bhutan for Nepal in fear of persecution. Many Bhutanese refugees still reside in UNHCR refugee camps in Nepal, though many have been resettled to third countries.

Indigenous + Tribal Groups
Small aboriginal and indigenous tribes live scattered throughout Bhutan, culturally and linguistically part of the populations of West Bengal or Assam, having embraced Hindu agricultural systems. These groups include Brokpa, Lepcha and Doya tribes, as well as the descendants of slaves who were brought to Bhutan from tribal areas in India.

Tibetans
Bhutan also has a sizable Tibetan refugee population, most arriving after 1959 although there are no purely Tibetan communities or villages. There were once three types of Tibetan refugees in Bhutan, most of whom migrated to India to be with the Dalai Lama, while the third group was divided into two sections, those who chose to stay in Bhutan, and those who stayed but chose to leave. Those Tibetans who chose to stay now have Bhutanese residency, while the others do not, and they don’t share exactly the same benefits as other Bhutanese.

Culture of Bhutan
Cradled in the folds of the Himalayas, Bhutan has relied on its geographic isolation to protect itself from outside cultural influences. A sparsely populated country bordered by India to the south, and China to the north, Bhutan has long maintained a policy of strict isolationism, both culturally and economically, with the goal of preserving its cultural heritage and independence. Only in the last decades of the 20th century were foreigners allowed to visit the country, and only then in limited numbers. In this way, Bhutan has successfully preserved many aspects of its culture, which dates directly back to the mid-17th century.

Modern Bhutanese culture derives from ancient culture. This culture affected the early growth of this country. Dzongkha and Sharchop, the principal Bhutanese languages, are closely related to Tibetan, and Bhutanese monks read and write the ancient variant of the Tibetan language, known as chhokey. The Bhutanese are physically similar to the Tibetans, but history does not record when they crossed over the Himalayas and settled in the south-draining valleys of Bhutan. Both Tibetans and Bhutanese revere the tantric guru, Padmasambhava, the founder of Himalayan Buddhism in the 8th century.

Religion in Bhutan
Bhutanese society is centered around the practice of Buddhism, which is the main religion. Religious beliefs are evidenced in all aspects of life. Prayer flags flutter on hillsides, offering up prayers to benefit all nearby sentient beings. Houses each fly a small white flag on the roof indicating the owner has made his offering payments to appease the local god. Each valley or district is dominated by a huge dzong, or high-walled fortress, which serves the religious and administrative center of the district. Approximately 23% of the population is Hindu. There is a small Muslim population in Bhutan, covering 0.2% of the whole country’s population. Overall, 75% of the population is Buddhist, and 0.4% other religions.

Religious Festivals
Once every year, a dzong or important village may hold a religious festival, or Tsechu. Villagers from the surrounding district come for several days of religious observances and socializing while contributing auspicious offerings to the lama or monastery of the festival. The central activity is a fixed set of religious mask dances, or cham, held in a large courtyard. Each individual dance takes up to several hours to complete and the entire set may last two to four days. Observation of the dances directly blesses the audience and also serves to transmit principles of Tantric Buddhism to the villagers. A number of the dances can be traced directly back to Shabdrung Ngawang Namgyal himself, the founder of Bhutan, and have been passed down essentially unchanged since the mid-17th century. Prior to dawn on the final day of the tsechu a huge tapestry, or thongdrel, is unfurled in the courtyard of the dzong for several hours. The mere sight of it is believed to bring spiritual liberation. The thongdrel is rolled up before the rays of the morning sun can strike it.

Monks join the monastery at six to nine years of age and are immediately placed under the discipleship of a headmaster. They learn to read chhokey, the language of the ancient sacred texts, as well as Dzongkha and English. Eventually they will choose between two possible paths: to study theology and Buddhist theory, or take the more common path of becoming proficient in the rituals and personal practices of the faith.

The daily life of the monk is austere, particularly if they are stationed at one of the monasteries located high in the mountains. At these monasteries food is often scarce and must be carried up by the monks or their visitors. The monks are poorly clothed for winter conditions and the monasteries are unheated. The hardship of such a posting is well-recognized; to have a son or brother serving in such a monastery is recognized as very good karma for the family. A monk’s spiritual training continues throughout his life. In addition to serving the community in sacramental roles, he may undertake several extended silent retreats. A common length for such a retreat is three years, three months, three weeks and three days. During the retreat time he will periodically meet with his spiritual master who will test him on his development to ensure that the retreat time is not being wasted.

Each monastery is headed by an abbot who is typically a Lama, although the titles are distinct. The highest monk in the land is the chief abbot of Bhutan, whose title is Je Khenpo. He is theoretically equivalent in stature to the king. The Central Monk Body is an assembly of 600 or so monks who attend to the most critical religious duties of the country. In the summer they are housed in Thimphu, the nation’s capital, and in the winter they descend to Punakha dzong, the most sacred dzong in Bhutan, where Shabdrung Ngawang Namgyal’s mortal body has been kept under vigil since the late 17th century.

Music of Bhutan
Bhutanese music has traditional genres such as Zhungdra, Boedra, and a modern genre called Rigsar. Bhutanese musicians include: Jigme Drukpa, who is also a leading Bhutanese musicologist.

Official Behavioral Code
The Driglam Namzha is the official behaviour and dress code of Bhutan. It governs how citizens should dress in public and how they should behave in formal settings. It also regulates a number of cultural assets such as art and Bhutanese architecture. In English, driglam means “order, discipline, custom, rules, regimen” and namzha means “system,” though the term may be styled “The Rules for Disciplined Behaviour.”

It is a manner and etiquette as what to wear, how to eat, talk and bow down before the government officials and the clergy. The Driglam Namzha was imposed on all citizens from 1990. The people of different ethnic heritage for example the Lhotsampas (Bhutanese citizens of ethnic Nepali origin – they were not Bhutanese citizens and they were not Lhotsampas) resented this and revolted against this imposition, thereby getting kicked out of Bhutan to the refugee camps. About 20% of Bhutan’s population currently live in exile because of this Bhutanization policies of the Royal Government followed by land expropriation and persecution.

To preserve the indigenous Buddha’s Teachings as their long-guarded culture and tradition, Menjong Chöthün Tshogpa, a charitable organization was established in 2002 by The Supreme Dharma King or Trulku Jigme Chöda Rinpoche 70th Je Khenpo of Bhutan.[2] The chairman at present is Trizin Tsering Rimpoche who also happens to be the founder of Buddha Dordenma Image Foundation, another charitable organization in Bhutan.

National Dress Code
Previously all Bhutanese citizens were required to observe the national dress code, known as Driglam Namzha, while in public during daylight hours. The rule was enforced more rigorously in some districts (dzongkhag) than others. Men wear a heavy knee-length robe tied with a belt, called a gho, folded in such a way to form a pocket in front of the stomach.

Women wear colourful blouses over which they fold and clasp a large rectangular cloth called a kira, thereby creating an ankle-length dress. A short silk jacket, or toego may be worn over the kira. Everyday gho and kira are cotton or wool, according to the season, patterned in simple checks and stripes in earth tones. For special occasions and festivals, colourfully patterned silk kira and, more rarely, gho may be worn.

Additional rules of protocol apply when visiting a dzong or a temple, or when appearing before a high-level official. Male commoners wear a white sash (kabney) from left shoulder to opposite hip. Local and regional elected officials, government ministers, cabinet members, and the King himself each wear their own colored kabney. Women wear a narrow embroidered cloth draped over the left shoulder, a rachu.

The dress code has met with some resistance from Lhotshampa, people of Nepali ancestry, living along the Indian border who resent having to wear a cultural dress which is not their own.

Bhutanization | The Darker Side
Despite living in Bhutan for up to five generations, the Lhotsampas retained their highly distinctive Nepali language, culture, and religion. They participated in public life and politics, even attaining positions of significant leadership. The Lhotsampas coexisted peacefully with other ethnic groups in Bhutan until the mid 1980s, when Bhutan’s king and the ruling Druk majority became worried that the growing Lhotsampa population could threaten the majority position and the traditional Buddhist culture of the Druk Bhutanese.

The government therefore initiated a campaign, known as “One country, one people,” or “Bhutanization” to cement Bhutanese national identity. The policies imposed the Druk dress code, religious practices, and language use on all Bhutanese regardless of prior practices. These changes negatively impacted the Lhotsampa people, because they did not wear the same traditional dress, practice the same religion, or speak the same language as the northern Bhutanese. The use of the Nepali language was prohibited in schools, many Lhotsampa teachers were dismissed, and textbooks were burned.

Men + Women in Society
Men and women work together in the fields, and both may own small shops or businesses. Men take a full part in household management, often cook, and are traditionally the makers and repairers of clothing (but do not weave the fabric). In the towns, a more “western” pattern of family structure is beginning to emerge, with the husband as breadwinner and the wife as home-maker. Both genders may be monks, although in practice the number of female monks is relatively small.

Marriages are at the will of either party and divorce is not uncommon. The marriage ceremony consists of an exchange of white scarves and the sharing of a cup. Marriages can be officially registered when the couple has lived together for more than six months. Traditionally the groom moves to the bride’s family home (matrilocality), but newlyweds may decide to live with either family depending on which household is most in need of labour.

Bhutanese Names
Except for royal lineages, Bhutanese names do not include a family name. Instead two traditional auspicious names are chosen at birth by the local lama or by the parents or grandparents of the child. First names generally give no indication if the person is male or female; in some cases the second name may be helpful in that regard.

As there is a limited constellation of acceptable names to choose from, inevitably many people share the same combination of first and second names. To resolve the ambiguity an informal nicknaming system comes into play which recognizes where a person is from. If a certain “Chong Kinley” is from Chozom village in the Paro valley, she is called “Paro Kinley” when she is travelling outside the valley. In Paro valley itself she is identified by the name of her village, thus “Chong Kinley Chozom”. Surprisingly, multiple children in a small hamlet of a few houses may have exactly the same name, reflecting the inspiration of the local lama. In this case, she is identified by the name of the house she was born in, thus “Chemsarpo” Kinley.

Food of Bhutan
The staple foods of Bhutan are red rice (like brown rice in texture, but with a nutty taste, the only variety of rice that grows in high altitudes), buckwheat, and increasingly maize. The diet in the hills also includes chicken, yak meat, dried beef, pork, pork fat, and lamb. Soups and stews of meat, rice, ferns, lentils, and dried vegetables, spiced with chili peppers and cheese, are a favourite meal during the cold seasons.

Zow shungo is a rice dish mixed with leftover vegetables. Ema datshi, made very spicy with cheese and chili peppers (similar to chili con queso), might be called the national dish for its ubiquity and the pride that Bhutanese have for it. Other foods include: jasha maru (a chicken dish), phaksha paa, thukpa, bathup, and fried rice.

Dairy foods, particularly butter and cheese from yaks and cows, are also popular, and indeed almost all milk is turned into butter and cheese. Popular beverages include: butter tea, black tea, locally brewed ara (rice wine), and beer. Popular spices include: curry, cardamom, ginger, thingay (Sichuan pepper), garlic, turmeric, and caraway.

When offered food, one says meshu meshu, covering one’s mouth with the hands in refusal according to Bhutanese manners, and then gives in on the second or third offer.

Sports of Bhutan
Archery is the national sport in Bhutan, and competitions are held regularly in most villages. It differs from Olympic standards in technical details, such as the placement of the targets and atmosphere. There are two targets placed over 100 m apart and teams shoot from one end of the field to the other. Each member of the team shoots two arrows per round.

Traditional Bhutanese Archery is a social event, and competitions are organized between villages, towns, and amateur teams. There is usually plenty of food and drink complete with singing and dancing. Attempts to distract an opponent include standing around the target and making fun of the shooter’s ability. Darts (kuru) is an equally popular outdoor team sport, in which heavy wooden darts pointed with a 10 cm nail are thrown at a paperback-sized target 10 to 20 m away.

Another traditional sport is digor, which resembles shot put and horseshoe throwing.

Football is the most popular sport in Bhutan. In 2002, Bhutan’s national football team played Montserrat in what was billed as The Other Final; the match took place on the same day Brazil played Germany in the World Cup Final, and at the time Bhutan and Montserrat were the world’s two lowest ranked teams. It was held in Thimphu’s Changlimithang Stadium, and Bhutan won 4–0. Cricket has also gained popularity in Bhutan, particularly since the introduction of television channels from India. The Bhutan national cricket team is one of the most successful affiliate nations in the region.
– Most of this information from Wikipedia

Tucked between the Tibetan Plateau to the north and India to the south, west and east, Bhutan lies entirely within the Eastern Himalayas. It’s just half the size of Indiana. But 51% of its land is protected—the highest percentage of any nation in Asia. Equally striking, the Bhutanese constitution requires at least 60% of the country’s forest cover to be permanently maintained (the country is currently at more than 70%).

Those percentages reflect the value of protected areas—and more broadly, nature—to multiple facets of Bhutanese society. One is spiritual: Bhutan’s culture is rooted in Buddhism, which emphasizes the interdependence between humans and nature … Wildlife delivers revenue as well. The country’s mountains, alpine meadows and thick forests shelter more than 5,600 vascular plant species and 200 mammal species. There are tigers, snow leopards and Asian elephants—as well as bird species like the beautiful nuthatch. Tourism showcasing Bhutan’s biodiversity and nature-inspired culture is one of the fastest-growing sectors of the country’s economy …

Renewable hydropower sold to India currently generates more than 45% of national revenue, and the country must diversify its economy to address its evolving needs. At the same time, Bhutan’s leaders are keeping a close eye on Gross National Happiness—the country’s holistic approach to prosperity that includes social, environmental and political priorities alongside economic ones.” – WWF

“The majority of Bhutanese still live off the land, practicing subsistence agriculture and animal husbandry. Bhutan is the only country in the world whose state religion is Mahayana Buddhism. Its official language, Dzongkha, is spoken in few other places on earth — but all Bhutanese schoolchildren, even in the deepest countryside, are taught English. Bhutan only got television in 1999. There are no plastic bags allowed in Bhutan, and 72 percent of the country is under forest cover. In 2013, the government announced its intention to become the world’s first 100-percent organic-farming nation … Gender equality is a work in progress; fewer than 9 percent of the country’s nationally elected officials are women.” – NY Times